{"id":33276,"date":"2025-10-23T08:56:48","date_gmt":"2025-10-23T05:26:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.eirak.ir\/?post_type=kb&#038;p=33276"},"modified":"2025-10-23T09:09:29","modified_gmt":"2025-10-23T05:39:29","slug":"%d9%be%db%8c%d8%b4%d8%b1%d9%81%d8%aa%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d9%81%d9%86%d8%a7%d9%88%d8%b1%db%8c-%d8%a7%d8%aa%d8%b5%d8%a7%d9%84-%d8%a2%d9%84%db%8c%d8%a7%da%98%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d8%a2%d9%84%d9%88","status":"publish","type":"kb","link":"https:\/\/www.eirak.ir\/en\/kb\/%d9%be%db%8c%d8%b4%d8%b1%d9%81%d8%aa%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d9%81%d9%86%d8%a7%d9%88%d8%b1%db%8c-%d8%a7%d8%aa%d8%b5%d8%a7%d9%84-%d8%a2%d9%84%db%8c%d8%a7%da%98%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d8%a2%d9%84%d9%88\/","title":{"rendered":"\u067e\u06cc\u0634\u0631\u0641\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0622\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u0698\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0644\u0648\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u0648\u0645"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.eirak.ir\/en\/aluminum-alloys\/\">\u0622\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u0698\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0644\u0648\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u0648\u0645<\/a><\/strong> \u0628\u0647\u200c\u062f\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u062a\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647\u0654 \u0627\u06a9\u0633\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0648 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u06cc\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0647\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0686\u0627\u0644\u0634\u200c\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06af\u06cc\u0632 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0637\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u0647\u0647\u0654 \u0627\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u060c \u062c\u0647\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a\u200c\u062c\u0627\u0645\u062f (\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0635\u0637\u06a9\u0627\u06a9\u06cc-\u0627\u063a\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0634\u06cc FSW \u0648 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637\u06cc RFSSW\/FSSW) \u0648 \u0630\u0648\u0628\u06cc (\u0644\u06cc\u0632\u0631\u060c \u0647\u06cc\u0628\u0631\u06cc\u062f \u0644\u06cc\u0632\u0631-\u0642\u0648\u0633\u060c CMT) \u0645\u0633\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u0628\u0647 <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.eirak.ir\/en\/aluminium-welding\/\">\u062c\u0648\u0634\u200c \u0622\u0644\u0648\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u0648\u0645<\/a><\/strong> \u060c \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0639\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062c \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u0648 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0647\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u062a\u0627\u0632\u0647\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u0635\u062d\u06cc\u062d \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u060c \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u067e\u0646\u062c\u0631\u0647\u0654 \u067e\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u067e\u0633\u200c\u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f (\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f Retrogression &amp; Re-Aging \u2013 RRA \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u06cc 7xxx)\u060c \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u062e\u0633\u062a\u06af\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u062a\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u0628\u0648\u062f \u0628\u062e\u0634\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u0686\u0642\u0631\u0645\u06af\u06cc \u0634\u06a9\u0633\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0642\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0632 <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.eirak.ir\/en\/kb\/\">\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0622\u0644\u0648\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u06a9<\/a><\/strong> \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0631\u0648\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0631\u0627\u0647\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0622\u0644\u0648\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627 \u0622\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u0698\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0632\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-\u0686\u0631\u0627-\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644-\u0622\u0644\u0648\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u0648\u0645-\u0647\u0646\u0648\u0632-\u0686\u0627\u0644\u0634-\u0627\u0633\u062a\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-29073\" style=\"width: 22px;\" src=\"https:\/\/www.eirak.ir\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Asset-1-150.svg\" alt=\"\"> \u0686\u0631\u0627 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0622\u0644\u0648\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u0648\u0645 \u0647\u0646\u0648\u0632 \u0686\u0627\u0644\u0634 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u061f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.eirak.ir\/en\/aluminium\/\">\u0622\u0644\u0648\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u0648\u0645<\/a><\/strong> \u0628\u0647\u200c\u062f\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u06a9\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0654 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0645\u0644\u200c\u0648\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0633\u0628\u06a9\u200c\u0648\u0632\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0631\u0698\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0648 \u0648 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0630\u0648\u0628\u06cc (Fusion) \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644\u06cc \u0686\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0641\u0631\u0647\u200c\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u06cc (Porosity)\u060c \u062a\u0631\u06a9 \u062f\u0627\u063a (Hot\/Solidification Cracking) \u0648 \u0646\u0631\u0645\u200c\u0634\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0647\u0654 HAZ \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u06cc\u0645\u061b \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a\u200c\u062c\u0627\u0645\u062f \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u06a9\u06cc\u0641\u06cc\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639\u06cc\u060c \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u06a9 \u0648 \u0631\u06cc\u0632\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0648\u0627\u0628\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0641\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0648 (FSW\/RFSSW\u060c \u0647\u06cc\u0628\u0631\u06cc\u062f \u0644\u06cc\u0632\u0631-\u0642\u0648\u0633\u060c CMT) \u0628\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0648 \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u0631\u06cc\u0632\u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0634\u06a9\u0627\u0641\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u067e\u0631 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-29073\" style=\"width: 22px;\" src=\"https:\/\/www.eirak.ir\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Asset-1-150.svg\" alt=\"\"> \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0644\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0645\u0633\u06cc\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0646<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-1-\u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc-\u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a-\u062c\u0627\u0645\u062f\">1- \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a\u200c\u062c\u0627\u0645\u062f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Friction Stir Welding (FSW)<\/strong> \u0648 <strong>Friction Stir Spot Welding (FSSW\/RFSSW):<\/strong> \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0651\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a\u200c\u062c\u0627\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0639\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062c \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u0648 \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0639\u06cc\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062f\u06cc. \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0647\u0654 <strong>RFSSW<\/strong> \u0628\u0627 \u067e\u0631\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u062d\u0641\u0631\u0647\u0654 \u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632\u06cc\u060c \u0639\u06cc\u0628 \u00abKeyhole\u00bb \u0631\u0627 \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u062e\u0633\u062a\u06af\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u0628\u0648\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f. \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062e\u06cc\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0622\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u0698\u0647\u0627\u06cc 2xxx\/6xxx\/Al-Li \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u0646\u062f RFSSW \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u062a-\u0641\u0634\u0627\u0631\u060c <strong>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0634\u06cc \u0648 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0645 \u062e\u0633\u062a\u06af\u06cc<\/strong> \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0686\u0634\u0645\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u06a9 (Ultrasonic Metal Welding)<\/strong> \u0648 <strong>\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631-\u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0633\u062a (Diffusion Bonding):<\/strong> \u06af\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0630\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0631\u0642\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u0632\u06a9\u060c \u0628\u0627\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0627\u0647\u0645\u062c\u0646\u0633 (Al\u2013Cu\/Al\u2013Ni) \u0628\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0645\u061b \u0647\u0631\u0686\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u0622\u0644\u0648\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u0633\u0637\u062d\u06cc \u0648 \u0641\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u062d\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a. (\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u062e\u0634 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0639)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-2-\u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc-\u0630\u0648\u0628\u06cc-\u06a9\u0645-\u06af\u0631\u0645\u0627\">2- \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0630\u0648\u0628\u06cc \u06a9\u0645\u200c\u06af\u0631\u0645\u0627<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Cold Metal Transfer (CMT):<\/strong> \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062e\u0647\u0654 GMAW \u0628\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u067e\u0633\u200c\u062e\u0648\u0631\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0654 \u0633\u06cc\u0645 (reversing wire motion) \u06a9\u0647 <strong>\u0631\u06cc\u0632\u0634 \u0642\u0637\u0631\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u0631\u060c \u067e\u0627\u0634\u0634 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0645<\/strong> \u0648 <strong>\u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u062a \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u0646<\/strong> \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f\u061b \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0648\u0631\u0642\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u0632\u06a9\u060c WAAM \u0648 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0627\u0647\u0645\u062c\u0646\u0633 Al\u2013Steel\/Al\u2013Mg. \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u0627\u0639\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0648 \u0639\u06cc\u0648\u0628 \u0648 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0642\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u06af\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0634 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u0646\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0647\u06cc\u0628\u0631\u06cc\u062f \u0644\u06cc\u0632\u0631\u2013\u0642\u0648\u0633 (Laser\u2013Arc Hybrid):<\/strong> \u0647\u0645\u200c\u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u0639\u0645\u06cc\u0642 \u0644\u06cc\u0632\u0631 \u0648 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0632\u0634 \u0642\u0648\u0633 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc <strong>\u0633\u0631\u0639\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u060c \u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f \u0648 \u062a\u062e\u0644\u062e\u0644 \u06a9\u0645\u062a\u0631<\/strong>. \u062a\u0627\u0632\u0647\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u06cc\u062c \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f <strong>\u0646\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u06cc\u0645 \u0644\u06cc\u0632\u0631<\/strong> (Laser Oscillation) \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f <strong>\u062a\u062e\u0644\u062e\u0644 \u062c\u0648\u0634 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0632 ~\u06f5\u066a \u0628\u0647 ~\u06f0.\u06f1\u066a<\/strong> \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u062f\u0647\u062f \u0648 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u062d\u0648\u0636\u0686\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-29073\" style=\"width: 22px;\" src=\"https:\/\/www.eirak.ir\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Asset-1-150.svg\" alt=\"\"> \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u062e\u0633\u062a\u06af\u06cc (Fatigue) \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0622\u0644\u0648\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u0648\u0645<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-1-\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0639-\u062a\u0636\u0639\u06cc\u0641-\u062e\u0633\u062a\u06af\u06cc\">1- \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u062a\u0636\u0639\u06cc\u0641 \u062e\u0633\u062a\u06af\u06cc<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0646\u0631\u0645\u200c\u0634\u062f\u06af\u06cc HAZ<\/strong> \u062f\u0631 6xxx\/7xxx \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0639\u0644\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0634\u062a\u200c\u0634\u062f\u0646 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u0686\u06af\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u0628\u062c\u0627\u06cc\u06cc<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0639\u06cc\u0648\u0628 \u062d\u062c\u0645\u06cc\/\u0633\u0637\u062d\u06cc<\/strong> (\u062a\u062e\u0644\u062e\u0644\u060c \u0644\u0627\u06a9\u200c\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0647\u060c \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0647) \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0632\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u06a9<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u062a\u0646\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f<\/strong> \u0646\u0627\u0634\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0634\u06cc\u0628 \u062f\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0648 \u0642\u0641\u0644\u200c\u0634\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-2-\u067e\u06cc\u0634\u0631\u0641\u062a-\u0647\u0627\u06cc-\u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u06cc\">2- \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u0631\u0641\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u06cc<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>FSW\/FSSW\/RFSSW:<\/strong> \u0628\u0647\u200c\u062f\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a\u200c\u062c\u0627\u0645\u062f \u0648 \u0631\u06cc\u0632\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u060c \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0646\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc <strong>S-N<\/strong> \u0628\u0647\u0628\u0648\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u062f. RFSSW \u0628\u0627 \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u00abKeyhole\u00bb \u0627\u0641\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0645 \u0631\u0627 \u062c\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f\u061b \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u062e\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u060c <strong>\u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0686\u0646\u062f\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u0635\u062f\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u062e\u0633\u062a\u06af\u06cc<\/strong> \u06af\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0634 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>CMT:<\/strong> \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u062a \u2192 <strong>HAZ \u0628\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u200c\u062a\u0631<\/strong> \u0648 \u0631\u06cc\u0632\u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0645\u06af\u0646\u200c\u062a\u0631\u061b \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u0698\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0634 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f <strong>AA2024<\/strong>\u060c CMT \u0628\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u200c\u062f\u0627\u063a \u0648 \u062a\u062e\u0644\u062e\u0644\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u062e\u0633\u062a\u06af\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0642\u06cc\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0627 MIG \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0647\u0628\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0647\u06cc\u0628\u0631\u06cc\u062f \u0644\u06cc\u0632\u0631\u2013\u0642\u0648\u0633:<\/strong> \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u062a\u062e\u0644\u062e\u0644 \u0648 \u0628\u0647\u0628\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0632\u0634 \u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0642\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u062f\u062e\u0633\u062a\u06af\u06cc\u061b \u0631\u0648\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0622\u0648\u0631\u062f \u062d\u062f\u062e\u0633\u062a\u06af\u06cc \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u00ab\u0627\u0646\u0631\u0698\u06cc \u0627\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u06cc\u00bb \u062f\u0631 \u062c\u0648\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0644\u06cc\u0632\u0631\u06cc \u0622\u0644\u0648\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u0648\u0645 \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-3-\u062a\u0648\u0635\u06cc\u0647-\u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc-\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc-\u0635\u0646\u0639\u062a\">3- \u062a\u0648\u0635\u06cc\u0647\u0654 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0635\u0646\u0639\u062a<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0647\u0654 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0648 \u0622\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0644\u0628\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627<\/strong> \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u200c\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0646\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06af\u0648\u0634\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0648 \u062a\u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632 \u062a\u0646\u0634 \u06a9\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u062f (radiusing\/undercut control).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062e\u062a \u067e\u0633\u200c\u062c\u0648\u0634<\/strong> (\u0645\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0646\u200c\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0633\u0628\u06a9\u060c \u0634\u0627\u062a\u200c\u067e\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u0646\u06af\u060c HFMI) \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0646\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0637\u062d\u06cc \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0646\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0634\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u0641\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u06cc 7xxx\u060c \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0698\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u060c <strong>PWHT<\/strong> \u0647\u062f\u0641\u0645\u0646\u062f (\u0628\u062e\u0634 5) \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06af\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u06cc\u062a\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0635\u06cc\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-29073\" style=\"width: 22px;\" src=\"https:\/\/www.eirak.ir\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Asset-1-150.svg\" alt=\"\"> \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u062a\u06cc (Thermal Stability) \u0648 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u06cc<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0631\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u063a (\u062e\u0648\u062f\u0631\u0648\u060c \u0647\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0636\u0627) \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 <strong>\u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u06cc\u062a\u06cc \u0648 \u0631\u0634\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0647<\/strong> \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u062f\u0631 6xxx (Al\u2013Mg\u2013Si)\u060c \u0646\u06af\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0637\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u062f\u0631 150\u2013200\u00b0C \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 <strong>Over-Aging<\/strong> \u0648 \u0627\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u06a9\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f\u061b \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f <strong>\u06a9\u0645\u200c\u06af\u0631\u0645\u0627<\/strong> (FSW\/CMT\/Hybrid \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0631\u0698\u06cc \u06a9\u0645) \u067e\u0647\u0646\u0627\u06cc HAZ \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062f\u0631 7xxx (Al\u2013Zn\u2013Mg\u2013Cu)\u060c \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u062a \u0628\u0647 <strong>Stress Corrosion Cracking \u2013 SCC<\/strong> \u0648 \u0631\u0634\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0631\u0632\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0633\u062a\u061b \u0631\u0627\u0647\u0628\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc <strong>RRA<\/strong> \u067e\u0633\u200c\u062c\u0648\u0634 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u06a9\u0627\u0645 \u0648 \u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u0631\u062f\u06af\u06cc\/\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u06af\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0646\u062f.<br><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-\u0686\u0642\u0631\u0645\u06af\u06cc-\u0634\u06a9\u0633\u062a-toughness-\u0648-\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631-\u062a\u0631\u062f\u06cc\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-29073\" style=\"width: 22px;\" src=\"https:\/\/www.eirak.ir\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Asset-1-150.svg\" alt=\"\"> \u0686\u0642\u0631\u0645\u06af\u06cc \u0634\u06a9\u0633\u062a (Toughness) \u0648 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u062f\u06cc<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0686\u0642\u0631\u0645\u06af\u06cc \u0634\u06a9\u0633\u062a (K_IC\/CTOD) \u0628\u0647 \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0633\u062a\u06af\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0698\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc\u060c \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0647\u0654 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0646\u200c\u0641\u0644\u0632\u06cc \u0648 \u0639\u06cc\u0648\u0628 \u062d\u062c\u0645\u06cc \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>FSW \u0628\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u06cc\u0632\u0647\u0645\u200c\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u06cc\u0647\u0654 NZ \u0648 \u0645\u0631\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0654 \u062a\u0645\u06cc\u0632 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0686\u0642\u0631\u0645\u06af\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0648\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0630\u0648\u0628\u06cc \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062f\u0631 \u062c\u0648\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0630\u0648\u0628\u06cc\u060c \u062a\u062e\u0644\u062e\u0644 \u0648 IMCs (\u0628\u0647\u200c\u0648\u06cc\u0698\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0627\u0647\u0645\u062c\u0646\u0633 Al\u2013Steel) \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0686\u0642\u0631\u0645\u06af\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u061b CMT \u0648 Hybrid \u0628\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0648 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u062a \u062e\u0646\u06a9\u200c\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644\u200c\u0634\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0648 \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0633\u062a\u06af\u06cc IMC\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644-\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc-\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628-\u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f-\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f-\u0635\u0646\u0639\u062a\u06cc\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-29073\" style=\"width: 22px;\" src=\"https:\/\/www.eirak.ir\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Asset-1-150.svg\" alt=\"\"> \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f (\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f \u0635\u0646\u0639\u062a\u06cc)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0648 \u0635\u0646\u0639\u062a\u06cc<\/th><th>\u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062f\u06cc<\/th><th>\u0686\u0631\u0627\u061f<\/th><th>\u0646\u06a9\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u06a9\u06cc\u0641\u06cc\u062a<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>\u0628\u062f\u0646\u0647\u0654 \u062e\u0648\u062f\u0631\u0648 \u0648\u0631\u0642 \u0646\u0627\u0632\u06a9 5xxx\/6xxx<\/td><td><strong>CMT<\/strong> \u06cc\u0627 <strong>Hybrid Laser\u2013Arc<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0627\u0639\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0648 \u067e\u0627\u0634\u0634 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u0646\u060c \u0633\u0631\u0639\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627<\/td><td>\u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u0646\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u06cc\u0632\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u062a\u062e\u0644\u062e\u0644\u061b \u0641\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0622\u067e \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0636\u0627 Al-Li\/7xxx<\/td><td><strong>FSW\/RFSSW<\/strong><\/td><td>\u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a\u200c\u062c\u0627\u0645\u062f\u060c HAZ \u0628\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0645 \u062e\u0633\u062a\u06af\u06cc<\/td><td>\u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u060c \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0631\/\u067e\u06cc\u0634\u0631\u0648\u06cc\u061b \u062d\u0630\u0641 Keyhole<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0622\u0644\u0648\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u0648\u0645-\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0646\u0627\u0647\u0645\u062c\u0646\u0633<\/td><td><strong>CMT<\/strong>\/ <strong>CMT-Pulse<\/strong><\/td><td>IMC \u0646\u0627\u0632\u06a9\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0647 MIG\u060c \u062a\u0631\u0637\u06cc\u0628 \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631<\/td><td>\u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u062a\u060c \u0641\u06cc\u0644\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u060c \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u200c\u06af\u0631\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0633\u0627\u0632\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0636\u062e\u06cc\u0645 6xxx<\/td><td><strong>FSW<\/strong> \u06cc\u0627 <strong>Hybrid<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u06cc\u06a9\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\/\u0631\u06cc\u0632\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc<\/td><td>\u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 forces\/oscillation\u061b \u067e\u0633\u200c\u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062e\u062a \u0633\u0637\u062d\u06cc<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0628\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc-\u067e\u0633-\u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f-\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc-\u0628\u0627\u0632\u06af\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0646\u06cc-\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-29073\" style=\"width: 22px;\" src=\"https:\/\/www.eirak.ir\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Asset-1-150.svg\" alt=\"\"> \u0631\u0627\u0647\u0628\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0633\u200c\u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06af\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-1-rra-\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc-7xxx\">1- RRA \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc 7xxx<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0686\u0631\u062e\u0647\u0654 Retrogression (\u062f\u0645\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0648\u062a\u0627\u0647\u200c\u0645\u062f\u062a) + Re-Aging (\u062f\u0645\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u0646) \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u067e\u0633 \u0627\u0632 \u062c\u0648\u0634\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u06a9\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0647 SCC \u0648 \u062d\u062a\u06cc \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a \u062d\u0641\u0631\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u06cc\u0647\u0654 \u0647\u0645\u200c\u0632\u062f\u0647\/HAZ \u0628\u0647\u0628\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0647\u062f\u061b \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062a 2022\u20132025 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u0646\u062f RRA-PWHT \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0647 Pitting\/SCC \u0648 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a As-Welded \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0642\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-2-\u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a-\u0633\u0637\u062d\u06cc-\u0648-\u062a\u0646\u0634-\u0632-\u062f\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\">2- \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0637\u062d\u06cc \u0648 \u062a\u0646\u0634\u200c\u0632\u064f\u062f\u0627\u06cc\u06cc<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0634\u0627\u062a\u200c\u067e\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u0646\u06af\/\u0644\u06cc\u0632\u0631 \u067e\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u0646\u06af<\/strong>: \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0646\u0634 \u0641\u0634\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0642\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u062f\u062e\u0633\u062a\u06af\u06cc<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0622\u0646\u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u06af \u0633\u062e\u062a\/\u067e\u0648\u0634\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644<\/strong>: \u0628\u0647\u0628\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a \u062e\u0648\u0631\u062f\u06af\u06cc (\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u0648\u06cc\u0633 \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\/\u062e\u0648\u0631\u062f\u06af\u06cc-\u062e\u0633\u062a\u06af\u06cc)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u062a\u0646\u0634\u200c\u0632\u062f\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u062a\u06cc \u0633\u0628\u06a9<\/strong>: \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u062a\u0646\u0634 \u067e\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0634\u062f \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u200c\u0627\u0632\u062d\u062f \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-\u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644-\u0639\u06cc\u0648\u0628-\u0648-\u062a\u0636\u0645\u06cc\u0646-\u06a9\u06cc\u0641\u06cc\u062a-qa-qc\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-29073\" style=\"width: 22px;\" src=\"https:\/\/www.eirak.ir\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Asset-1-150.svg\" alt=\"\"> \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u0639\u06cc\u0648\u0628 \u0648 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u06cc\u0641\u06cc\u062a (QA\/QC)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>\u0639\u06cc\u0628 \u0631\u0627\u06cc\u062c<\/th><th>\u0631\u06cc\u0634\u0647\u0654 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f<\/th><th>\u0631\u0627\u0647\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u06cc<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>\u062a\u062e\u0644\u062e\u0644 (Porosity)<\/td><td>\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u062a\u060c \u0622\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u06a9\u0633\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u06af\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0628\u0633\u200c\u0634\u062f\u0647<\/td><td>\u062e\u0634\u06a9\u200c\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0641\u06cc\u0644\u0631\/\u06af\u0627\u0632\u060c \u0646\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u06cc\u0632\u0631 \u062f\u0631 Hybrid\u060c \u067e\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0631 CMT \u0628\u0647\u06cc\u0646\u0647<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u062a\u0631\u06a9 \u062f\u0627\u063a<\/td><td>\u0634\u06cc\u0628 \u062f\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\/\u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628 \u0622\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u0698\u06cc \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633<\/td><td>\u0641\u06cc\u0644\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u060c CMT \u06a9\u0645\u200c\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u062a\u060c FSW \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a\u200c\u062c\u0627\u0645\u062f<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0646\u0631\u0645\u200c\u0634\u062f\u06af\u06cc HAZ<\/td><td>\u0627\u0648\u0631-\u0627\u06cc\u062c\u06cc\u0646\u06af \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u06cc\u062a\u06cc<\/td><td>\u06a9\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u0645\u0627\u060c RRA \u067e\u0633\u200c\u062c\u0648\u0634 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc 7xxx<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>IMC \u0636\u062e\u06cc\u0645 \u062f\u0631 Al\u2013Steel<\/td><td>\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\/\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627<\/td><td>CMT-Pulse\/Hybrid \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0631\u0698\u06cc \u06a9\u0645\u060c \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0633<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0622\u0632\u0645\u0648\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627:<\/strong> NDT \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0635\u0648\u062a\u06cc\/\u067e\u0631\u062a\u0648\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0646\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc <strong>S-N<\/strong>\u060c \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0647\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u062a\u0646\u0634 \u067e\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f (XRD-Sin\u00b2\u03c8)\u060c \u0646\u0642\u0634\u0647\u200c\u0628\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u06cc\u0632\u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 (EBSD\/TEM).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-\u0631\u0648\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc-\u0646\u0648\u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631-\u0648-\u0645\u0633\u06cc\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc-\u062a\u062d\u0642\u06cc\u0642-\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0647\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-29073\" style=\"width: 22px;\" src=\"https:\/\/www.eirak.ir\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Asset-1-150.svg\" alt=\"\"> \u0631\u0648\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0648\u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0648 \u0645\u0633\u06cc\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u062d\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0647<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>FSW \u0686\u0646\u062f\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0648 \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u0639\u06cc\u0648\u0628 Kissing-Bond\u061b Synchronous\/Simultaneous Dual-FSW \u0628\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u062a\u0646\u0634 \u067e\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0631\u0634\u062f \u062a\u0631\u06a9 \u062e\u0633\u062a\u06af\u06cc.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Hybrid Laser\u2013TIG\/MIG \u0628\u0627 \u0646\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u06cc\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u062e\u0644\u062e\u0644 \u0648 \u0631\u06cc\u0632\u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0645\u200c\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u061b \u0641\u0631\u0635\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0628\u062f\u0646\u0647\u0654 \u062e\u0648\u062f\u0631\u0648 \u0628\u0627 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>CMT \u062f\u0631 WAAM (Wire-Arc AM) \u062c\u0647\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u062a\u0631\u0645\u06cc\u0645 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0622\u0644\u0648\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u0648\u0645\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0634 \u067e\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0648 \u0631\u06cc\u0632\u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644\u200c\u0634\u062f\u0647.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0645\u062f\u0644\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0645\u0628\u062a\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u0631\u0698\u06cc \u0627\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0622\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0633\u0631\u06cc\u0639 \u062d\u062f\u062e\u0633\u062a\u06af\u06cc \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0644\u06cc\u0632\u0631\u06cc\/\u0647\u06cc\u0628\u0631\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0647\u0654 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647\u0654 \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-\u062c\u0645\u0639-\u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc-\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f\u06cc-\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc-\u0635\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u0639\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-29073\" style=\"width: 22px;\" src=\"https:\/\/www.eirak.ir\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Asset-1-150.svg\" alt=\"\"> \u062c\u0645\u0639\u200c\u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0635\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u0639<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0627\u06af\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0645 \u062e\u0633\u062a\u06af\u06cc\/\u0686\u0642\u0631\u0645\u06af\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0644\u0648\u06cc\u062a \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0654 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0633\u062a (\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0636\u0627\u060c \u0631\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u060c \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0645\u0646\u06cc\u200c\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633)\u060c FSW\/RFSSW \u06af\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647\u0654 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0648\u0631\u0642\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u0632\u06a9 \u0628\u062f\u0646\u0647\u0654 \u062e\u0648\u062f\u0631\u0648 \u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u060c CMT \u0648 Hybrid Laser\u2013Arc \u0628\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u062a \u06a9\u0645 \u0648 \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u062a\u062e\u0644\u062e\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u06cc\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u0698\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u06cc 7xxx \u0648 \u0633\u0631\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u063a\/\u062e\u0648\u0631\u0646\u062f\u0647\u060c RRA-PWHT \u0648 \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638\u062a\u06cc \u067e\u0633\u200c\u062c\u0648\u0634 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0637\u0631\u062d \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0638 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0632 NDT \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 + \u062a\u0633\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0633\u062a\u06af\u06cc \u0648 \u0646\u0642\u0634\u0647\u200c\u0628\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u062a\u0646\u0634 \u067e\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0633\u062a\u0646 \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0647\u0654 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u06cc\u0641\u06cc\u062a \u0628\u0647\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0639-\u0639\u0644\u0645\u06cc\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-29073\" style=\"width: 22px;\" src=\"https:\/\/www.eirak.ir\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Asset-1-150.svg\" alt=\"\"> \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u06cc<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>FSW\/FSSW\/RFSSW \u0648 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062e\u06cc\u0631: Metals (MDPI), 2025\u061b \u0648 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062a RFSSW \u062f\u0631 Al-Li \u0648 6xxx.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0647\u06cc\u0628\u0631\u06cc\u062f \u0644\u06cc\u0632\u0631\u2013\u0642\u0648\u0633 \u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u062a\u062e\u0644\u062e\u0644 \u0628\u0627 \u0646\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u06cc\u0645: Metals (MDPI), 2025\u061b Optics &amp; Laser Technology\/Applied Optics 2025.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>CMT: \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc ScienceDirect (2022\u20132024)\u060c Applied Sciences\/ASTM\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0644\u0627\u06af \u0641\u0646\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u0648\u0633 (\u0633\u06cc\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 CMT).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0627\u0647\u0645\u062c\u0646\u0633 Al\u2013Steel \u0628\u0627 CMT\/\u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 IMC: \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc 2023\u20132024.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0631\u0632\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u062d\u062f\u062e\u0633\u062a\u06af\u06cc \u062c\u0648\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0644\u06cc\u0632\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0631\u0698\u06cc \u0627\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u06cc: Experimental Mechanics (Springer), 2025.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>RRA \u0648 \u0628\u0647\u0628\u0648\u062f SCC\/\u067e\u06cc\u062a\u06cc\u0646\u06af \u062f\u0631 7xxx \u067e\u0633\u200c\u062c\u0648\u0634: Studies in 2004\u20132025\u061b Results on RRA-PWHT 2022\u20132023.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f\u06cc FSW \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u0698\u0647\u0627\u06cc 2xxx\/356 \u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0631\u06cc\u0632\u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631-\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u06a9: 2024\u20132025.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u06cc\u0633\u0647\u0654 \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u0646\u0647\u0654 \u062e\u0648\u062f\u0631\u0648\/\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u067e\u0631\u0633\u0631\u0639\u062a: Journal of Welding and Joining, 2024.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-27152\" style=\"width: 25px;\" src=\"https:\/\/www.eirak.ir\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/favicon.svg\" alt=\"\"> <strong style=\"font-family: var(--font), IRANSansXV, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0px;\">\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062f\u061f<\/strong><br><a style=\"font-family: var(--font), IRANSansXV, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0px;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.eirak.ir\/en\/contact\/\">\u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062f<\/a> \u062a\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u200c\u06cc <a href=\"https:\/\/www.eirak.ir\/en\/solutions\/\">\u0631\u0627\u0647\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0635\u0646\u0639\u062a \u0622\u0644\u0648\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u0648\u0645<\/a> \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0633\u0628 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0622\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u0698\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0644\u0648\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u200c\u062f\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u062a\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647\u0654 \u0627\u06a9\u0633\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0648 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u06cc\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0647\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0686\u0627\u0644\u0634\u200c\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06af\u06cc\u0632 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":33277,"menu_order":0,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"kb-cat":[1180],"kb-tag":[1186],"class_list":["post-33276","kb","type-kb","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","kb-cat-material-science","kb-tag-1186"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.4 (Yoast SEO v28.0) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ 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